资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
提前结募频现 新年新基发行亮点多******
1月18日,民生加银基金、东方红资产管理、交银施罗德基金、太平基金等多家公司发布公告,宣布旗下部分新发基金提前结束募集。Choice数据显示,1月以来,已有超过30只新发基金(不同份额分开计算)发布了提前结束募集的公告。新年新基金发行亮点频频“闪现”。
“日光基”再现
在今年1月以来宣布提前结束募集的基金中,权益类基金和债券型基金均超过了10只。
在债券型基金方面,鹏华稳健恒利债券、民生加银瑞华绿债一年定开发起式、国泰安璟债券、浦银安盛普旭3个月定开债券、天弘稳健回报债券发起、永赢昭利债券等多只债券型基金发布了提前结束募集公告。其中,永赢昭利债券的认购时间最短,这只基金原计划募集时间为1月3日至3月31日,最终该基金仅用7天便提前结束募集,首募规模约2亿元。此外,浦银安盛普旭3个月定开债券的认购时间也较短,该产品的最终认购天数为9天。
在权益类基金方面,信澳聚优智选混合、长城数字经济混合、中庚港股通价值18个月封闭股票、华安碳中和混合、格林碳中和主题混合等多只权益类基金发布了提前结束募集公告。值得一提的是,中庚基金副总经理兼首席投资官丘栋荣管理的中庚港股通价值18个月封闭股票成为了2023年的首只“日光基”,仅用1天时间便提前结束募集,首募规模19.77亿元。
此外,发布提前结束募集公告的基金中,还有部分FOF(基金中基金)和被动指数基金。如国投瑞银兴顺3个月持有期混合(FOF)、汇添富中证细分有色金属产业主题ETF、华夏中证全指运输ETF等产品。
在部分基金提前结束募集的同时,也有一些新基金延长募集期,甚至募集失败。比如,华夏景气成长一年持有混合发起式、建信渤泰债券、农银汇理鑫享稳健养老目标一年持有期混合(FOF)、招商安颐稳健1年封闭运作债券等基金于近期发布了延长募集期的公告。此外,中信建投均衡成长混合成为今年首只发行失败的产品,公告显示,该基金未能满足基金备案条件,基金合同无法生效。
多只权益类产品“蓄势待发”
Choice数据显示,目前全市场内待发公募产品共有33只(不同份额分开计算),其中权益类产品的数量最多,多达14只,如华夏景气驱动混合、华夏汽车产业混合、创金合信产业臻选平衡混合、嘉实绿色主题股票发起式等。其中,华夏汽车产业混合的拟任基金经理连骁于今年刚刚担任基金经理,华夏汽车产业混合是他成为基金经理以来发行的第一只基金。
值得一提的是,在14只待发的权益类基金中,多只产品与绿色低碳主题相关,如富国碳中和混合、嘉实ESG可持续投资混合、嘉实绿色主题股票发起式等。
此外,在目前的待发基金中,债券型基金的数量仅次于权益类基金的数量,共计10只,如建信宁安30天持有期中短债债券、财通资管睿兴债券、同泰恒盛债券、中信建投景益债券等,其中建信宁安30天持有期中短债债券的计划募集期最短,从1月30日至2月10日。
总体来看,33只待发基金涵盖多种投资类型。公开资料显示,除了权益类基金和债券型基金,接下来还会有QDII基金、指数增强型基金、商品型基金等多种类型的产品“蓄势待发”。
布局权益类产品正当时
一家上海银行的客户经理对中国证券报记者表示,近期投资者对基金产品的购买热情开始升温。“今年以来,明显感觉基金产品更好卖了,尤其是权益类产品,可能与近期港股、A股涨势不错有关,很多人都想来一波低位上车的操作。”
多位基金经理也对2023年A股的配置性价比给予了充分肯定。中信保诚基金研究部总监吴昊认为,A股市场当前定价水平相对具有吸引力。从市场整体定价水平来看,以沪深300指数为例,市净率分位数处于过去5年的后10%以内。2011年以来,年初相类似的定价水平仅在2014年和2019年出现,市场进一步向下调整的空间相对有限;一旦市场向好,定价修复的弹性从历史经验来看是比较可观的,沪深300指数在2014年和2019年分别上涨了52%和36%。
信达澳亚基金联席投资总监冯明远认为,展望2023年,正位于长期牛市的起点,国内经济有望逐步复苏,整体市场环境有望出现好转。
华安基金表示,在2023年,权益市场存在结构性投资机会,将整体坚持均衡化的权益产品布局策略,成长和价值风格并重。在产品投资主题方面,既围绕疫情政策优化、内需和估值修复的行情主线,也可积极布局符合国家战略和产业趋势的高景气度长期赛道。
上海证券基金评价研究中心在研报中表示,当前,市场对全球中短期的经济增长过于悲观,风险资产估值显著下降。长期来看,随着外部约束、内部隐性风险逐步消退,在货币财政政策作用下,企业业绩将得到改善,市场预期会随着经济增长逐步修正,国内权益资产的表现会快速恢复到长期均衡水平。
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)