意大利航天员引用的《兰亭集序》,竟有这么多故事!******
中新网北京10月14日电(记者 王诗尧)“仰观宇宙之大,俯察品类之盛,所以游目骋怀,足以极视听之娱,信可乐也”。中国著名书法家王羲之所著《兰亭集序》中一句描绘宇宙景观的古文,近日出现在意大利女航天员萨曼萨·克里斯托福雷蒂的社交媒体上,她在发布一组太空摄影作品时配上了上述文字。
没想到这篇帖文一经发布便受到国内外网友热议,并获中国外交部发言人点赞。跨越千年,《兰亭集序》的影响力丝毫未减,再度成为时下文化热点。
这位意大利女航天员此前接受采访的视频截图“天下第一行书”
《兰亭序》又名《兰亭集序》,是晋代书法家王羲之在会稽(今绍兴)撰写,全文28行,共计324字,被誉为“天下第一行书”。
东晋穆帝永和九年(公元353年)三月三日,会稽内史王羲之邀约谢安、孙绰等41名文人雅士和家族子弟相聚山阴之兰亭,大家一起饮酒赋诗、畅叙幽情。会上26人赋诗41首,并聚诗成集,为《兰亭集》,王羲之乘兴为他们书写序文手稿,曰《兰亭集序》。
资料图为唐·冯承素(传)摹兰亭序帖卷。向一鹏 摄据说次日王羲之酒醒之后发现自己写得甚好,只是有几个字不满意,又复书序文十余遍,始终不得其妙。于是他涂改了几字,留下这篇被历代书界奉为极品的《兰亭集序》。
《兰亭集序》全文没有一个字写法相同,仅一个“之”字就有二十余种写法。明代书画家董其昌曾在《画禅室随笔》中写道:“右军《兰亭序》,章法为古今第一,其字皆为映带而生,或小或大,随手所如,皆入法则,所以为神品也。”
资料图:位于绍兴的兰亭书法博物馆 项菁 摄真迹下落不明 曾被唐太宗重金悬赏
然而,就是这件被誉为“贵越群品,古今莫二”的书法极品,真迹至今下落不明,流传作品皆为临摹之作。
其实,王羲之成为千古留名的“书圣”,与历代帝王对他的推崇离不开关系。而他的头号粉丝,就是唐太宗李世民。
唐代《徐氏法书记》记载:“太宗於右军之书,特留睿赏,贞观初下诏购求,殆尽遗逸”。彼时刚当上皇帝的唐太宗,就已经急不可待地筹划要把王羲之的全部作品买回来,可是最为著名的《兰亭集序》却怎么都找不到,于是命人到处搜集,并重金悬赏。
资料图:王羲之墓 项菁 摄早在《兰亭集序》写成之后,王羲之就把它视作传家宝,坚持不肯卖给别人,并命令子孙将其代代相传。令人惋惜的是,《兰亭集序》传到第七代的时候,王家的世孙智永出家为僧,没有后代,最后只好将《兰亭集序》的真迹传给了他的弟子辩才。
唐太宗获悉《兰亭集序》在辨才和尚手里,就命令监察御史萧翼去“智取”。萧翼到寺庙以后,和辩才和尚谈天论地,二人十分投机。辩才以为遇上知音,有一天“碰巧”谈论到王羲之的书法作品时,他难掩激动之情就把藏于屋梁洞内的真迹拿了出来,萧翼趁其不备偷走了它,转呈给唐太宗。
曾被众多名家临摹仿写入选教材背诵推荐篇目
据史料记载,唐太宗死后,根据他的遗愿,《兰亭集序》也随他一起下葬。不过,对于《兰亭集序》的真实下落史学界仍说法不一,千百年来谁也不知道它最终去向何方。
现在人们可以欣赏到的《兰亭集序》,都是唐代以后的摹本,其中“神龙本”《兰亭集序》是最著名的版本之一。该版本因卷首有唐中宗李显神龙年号小印,故而得名,学界一度认为是唐代书法家冯承素临摹,也有人认为是褚遂良所摹,一直争议不断。
宋拓神龙兰亭序。图片来源:故宫博物院官网古往今来,《兰亭集序》曾被众多名家临摹、仿写,故宫博物院就有数十个版本的藏品,供世人参观、欣赏。普通高中课程标准实验教科书中,《兰亭集序》入选为“古诗文背诵推荐篇目”,相信许多人的学生时代都背诵过这篇旷世杰作。
面对浩瀚宇宙与时间长河时,人类或许只是渺小的一粒尘埃。但优秀文化的魅力却可以跨越时空限制,让不同年代、不同地域、不同背景的人,从中感受到属于自己的思想脉动。(完)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。 资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。 因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。 日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。 Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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